Trust, Dependence and Interorganizational Systems.

Organizations form interorganizational relationships and utilize information technology to improve performance. This thesis discusses the influences of dependence and different types of trust on the use of interorganizational systems and subsequently the attainment of strategic benefits. The findings indicate that dependence can influence efforts of individuals, internal business-processes and knowledge repositories. The findings also indicate that when trust is based on perceptions of competence or reliability, organizations customize efforts of individuals and their internal processes to match the business partner. When trust is based on perceptions of openness, the organizations customize efforts of individuals and their knowledge repositories instead. This thesis also discusses how the different types of resources facilitate the attainment of strategic benefits. The findings indicate that organizations need to combine their resources to achieve successful information exchange. The successful interlinkage of business-processes and the successful sharing of knowledge positively influence the attainment of strategic benefits.

Trust, dependence and interorganizational systems

Organizations form interorganizational relationships and utilize information technology to improve performance. This thesis discusses the influences of dependence and different types of trust on the use of interorganizational systems and subsequently the attainment of strategic benefits. The findings indicate that dependence can influence efforts of individuals, internal business-processes and knowledge repositories. The findings also indicate that when trust is based on perceptions of competence or reliability, organizations customize efforts of individuals and their internal processes to match the business partner. When trust is based on perceptions of openness, the organizations customize efforts of individuals and their knowledge repositories instead. This thesis also discusses how the different types of resources facilitate the attainment of strategic benefits. The findings indicate that organizations need to combine their resources to achieve successful information exchange. The successful interlinkage of business-processes and the successful sharing of knowledge positively influence the attainment of strategic benefits.

Human Knowledge Resources and Interorganizational Systems

This paper analyses how human knowledge resources affect capabilities and subsequently attainment of operational and strategic benefits. We test a conceptual model using data from two qualitative case studies and a quantitative field study. The findings indicate that human knowledge positively influences IOS capabilities related to cross-organizational business processes and transfer of knowledge. The data show that strategic benefits are the consequence of knowledge transfer, when the transfer supports business processes resulting in operational benefits

Body Mass Index (BMI) Effect on Galvanic Coupling Intra-Body Communication

Intra-body communication (IBC) is a wireless communication system where human body is used as a signal transmission medium. Main advantage of IBC compared to other wireless communication is capable of low power consumption. There are two coupling methods in IBC, which are capacitive and galvanic coupling. The characteristic of human body play an important role in IBC because the transmitted signal is propagates through the body tissue. Therefore, this paper investigates the effect of different dielectric properties of body tissues to the quality of IBC signal transmission by focusing at body fat. Galvanic coupling method was used. 12 subjects were volunteered in this study and the value of subject’s body fat was differentiates by body mass index (BMI). The frequency was focused on 21 MHz, 50 MHz and 80 MHz. The signal quality at 21 MHz and 80 MHz shows the degradation as the increasing of body fat. The signal attenuation is increasing as body fat increased because in human body, the bone and fat has higher resistance than nerves and muscle. However, at frequency 50 MHz, the increasing of human BMI does not increase the attenuation where the attenuations are at peak value

The impacts of competence-trust and openness-trust on interorganizational systems

Trust can have imperative influences on the use of interorganizational systems (IOSs). Management, sociology and psychology literature distinguish different types of trust and attribute distinctive impacts to these types. However, little is known regarding the influences of different types of trust on IOSs usage. This paper focuses on how trust based on partner competence and trust based on partner openness influence the use of IOS-related resources. Hypotheses are constructed relying on the use of the resource-based view and transaction-cost economics to analyse influences on relationship specificity of four types of IOS-related resources: business processes, human knowledge, organizational domain knowledge and IOS infrastructure. Three case studies are conducted on interorganizational relationships employing IOSs. Competence-trust is found to positively influence the use of human-knowledge resources, resources related to interlinkage of business processes and organizational domain knowledge resources. Openness-trust is found to positively influence use of human-knowledge resources and organizational domain-knowledge resources

Activity of upper body muscles during bowing and prostration tasks in healthy subjects

This paper investigate the activity of the neck extensors (NE), sternocleidomastoideus (SCM), trapezius (TRP), deltoid (DT), biceps brachii (BB), triceps brachii (TB), rectus abdominal (RA), and erector spine (ES) muscles in healthy subjects during bowing and prostration using surface electromyography (EMG). A group of student aged between 23 to 28 years voluntarily participated in this study. The subjects were asked to perform two types of flexion positions, namely bowing (90 o forward flexion with the hands on the respective knees) and prostration (flexion with the palms of the hands and the forehead flat on the floor). The motion signals of the muscles were recorded. The finding indicated that during the bowing, there was contraction of the NE, DT, TB, and RA muscles while the muscle relaxation was found in the SCM, TRP, BB, and ES. During prostration, there was contraction at the SCM, DT, TB, and RA but muscle relaxation was found at the NE, TRP, BB, and ES. For the muscles that showed electrical activity in both the postures, the Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test showed a statistically no significant difference between bowing and prostration only for DT (p = 0.534) and but statistically significant difference for RA and TB (p<0.05). The muscle relaxation that existed at the ES showed no significant difference between bowing and prostrating (Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test, p = 0.075). This study indicates the effects of bowing and prostration on the biomechanical response of the human muscles. Muscle contraction and relaxation that occur, show an agonist-antagonist response which is good for exercise and strengthening programmers. These two movements are involved in the Muslim’s prayer, called the salat. Hence, the current experiment can be taken as a pilot study on the biomechanical response of the human muscles during one’s act of performing the salat